虚拟机跨版本迁移 machine问题
准备两台配置相同的宿主机：
| 主机名 | ip | kvm版本 |
|---|---|---|
| kvm-test41 | 192.168.232.41 | 1.5.3 |
| kvm-test42 | 192.168.232.42 | 2.12.0 |
低版本的kvm虚拟机向高版本的虚拟机进行迁移
使用对应命令在宿主机kvm-test41 创建名为test的虚拟机
virt-install \
--name=test \
--memory=512 \
--vcpus=1 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel7 \
--location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso \
--disk path=/data/test.qcow2 \
--bridge=virbr0 \
--graphics=none \
--console=pty,target_type=serial \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"查看支持的虚拟机版本类型，可以看到默认是 pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -machine help
Supported machines are:
none empty machine
pc RHEL 7.0.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (alias of pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0 RHEL 7.0.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (default)
rhel6.6.0 RHEL 6.6.0 PC
rhel6.5.0 RHEL 6.5.0 PC
rhel6.4.0 RHEL 6.4.0 PC
rhel6.3.0 RHEL 6.3.0 PC
rhel6.2.0 RHEL 6.2.0 PC
rhel6.1.0 RHEL 6.1.0 PC
rhel6.0.0 RHEL 6.0.0 PC
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 test running
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh shutdown test
Domain test is being shutdown
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- test shut off查看虚拟机文件路径
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh domblklist test
Target Source
------------------------------------------------
vda /data/test.qcow2
hda -虚拟机配置文件导出
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh dumpxml test>/tmp/test.xml将宿主机kvm-test41上的虚拟机test迁移到kvm-test42宿主机下
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# scp /tmp/test.xml root@192.168.232.42:/data/
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# scp /data/test.qcow2 root@192.168.232.42:/data/启动kvm-test42 上的迁移过来的虚拟机
##根据xml 文件注册虚拟机
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh define /data/test.xml
Domain test defined from /data/test.xml
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 test shut off
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh start test
Domain test started
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 test running
###进入虚拟机检查是否正常
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh console test
Connected to domain test
Escape character is ^]
可以看出虚拟机可以正常进入通过ping baidu.com 也可以检测网络正常
##测试虚拟机是否可以正常调整内存、CPU
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh shutdown test
Domain test is being shutdown
#查看原有的配置
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh dominfo test
Id: 2
Name: test
UUID: 2caa8606-edb4-4284-b3ed-ac133404a297
OS Type: hvm
State: running
CPU(s): 1
CPU time: 73.8s
Max memory: 524288 KiB
Used memory: 524288 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: selinux
Security DOI: 0
Security label: system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c9,c649 (permissive)
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh edit test
Domain test XML configuration edited.
修改对cpu 内存调整到2c1g
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh start test
Domain test started
#查看调整配置后的虚拟机配置信息
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh dominfo test
Id: 3
Name: test
UUID: 2caa8606-edb4-4284-b3ed-ac133404a297
OS Type: hvm
State: running
CPU(s): 2
CPU time: 6.7s
Max memory: 1048576 KiB
Used memory: 1048576 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: selinux
Security DOI: 0
Security label: system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c578,c1008 (permissive)
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh console test
Connected to domain test
Escape character is ^]
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64
localhost login: root
密码：
Last login: Thu Mar 24 21:40:34 on ttyS0
[root@localhost ~]# top
top - 16:09:24 up 0 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 94 total, 1 running, 93 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 0.4 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.6 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
%Cpu1 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1014632 total, 778508 free, 140564 used, 95560 buff/cache测试虚拟机是否可以正常扩容磁盘
#查看虚拟机磁盘位置
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh domblklist test
Target Source
------------------------------------------------
vda /data/test.qcow2
hda -
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh shutdown test
Domain test is being shutdown
#通过以下命令可以看到我们磁盘大小为10GB
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# qemu-img info /data/test.qcow2
image: /data/test.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 1.6G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
#增加5GB磁盘空间
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# qemu-img resize /data/test.qcow2 +5G
Image resized.
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# qemu-img info /data/test.qcow2
image: /data/test.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 15G (16106127360 bytes)
disk size: 1.6G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
#进入虚拟机进行lvm 扩容
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh start test
Domain test started
[root@kvm-test42 ~]# virsh console test虚拟机 lvm 扩容
#虚拟机test lvm 扩容
[root@test ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (3,4，默认 3)：3
起始 扇区 (20971520-31457279，默认为 20971520)：
将使用默认值 20971520
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-31457279，默认为 31457279)：
将使用默认值 31457279
分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 5 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
分区号 (1-3，默认 3)：3
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。
#创建pv
[root@test ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3
Physical volume "/dev/vda3" successfully created.
#将/dev/vda3 扩展至 centos 卷组
[root@test ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <9.00g 0
[root@test ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
#将全部空间扩展至/dev/mapper/centos-root
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
#查看虚拟机文件系统
[root@test ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sr0
vda
├─vda1 xfs 5060a41a-8ec3-4a9a-a225-935fc459cde5 /boot
├─vda2 LVM2_mem N1JzNZ-nb7z-oDPX-fdwP-QcKG-8YZ6-aG1S7R
│ ├─centos-root xfs 5608e21c-24be-40a8-9113-c74c8dab6710 /
│ └─centos-swap swap 6b8d73b6-e722-4087-a284-01e36f605ca0 [SWAP]
└─vda3 LVM2_mem hKUmEg-1iOb-qDkd-8L9f-ylH3-uRWa-19sZz4
└─centos-root xfs 5608e21c-24be-40a8-9113-c74c8dab6710 /
#使扩容生效 xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
[root@test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 3405824
[root@test ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 232M 0 232M 0% /dev
tmpfs 244M 0 244M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 244M 4.5M 240M 2% /run
tmpfs 244M 0 244M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13G 1.3G 12G 10% /
/dev/vda1 1014M 137M 878M 14% /boot
tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/0
此时磁盘空间增加了5GB这里要注意的是宿主机kvm-test42 支持的machine 版本类型包含 pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0 的
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -machine help
Supported machines are:
pc RHEL 7.6.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (alias of pc-i440fx-rhel7.6.0)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.6.0 RHEL 7.6.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (default)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.5.0 RHEL 7.5.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.4.0 RHEL 7.4.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.3.0 RHEL 7.3.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.2.0 RHEL 7.2.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.1.0 RHEL 7.1.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0 RHEL 7.0.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
rhel6.6.0 RHEL 6.6.0 PC
rhel6.5.0 RHEL 6.5.0 PC
rhel6.4.0 RHEL 6.4.0 PC
rhel6.3.0 RHEL 6.3.0 PC
rhel6.2.0 RHEL 6.2.0 PC
rhel6.1.0 RHEL 6.1.0 PC
rhel6.0.0 RHEL 6.0.0 PC
q35 RHEL-7.6.0 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009) (alias of pc-q35-rhel7.6.0)
pc-q35-rhel7.6.0 RHEL-7.6.0 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)
pc-q35-rhel7.5.0 RHEL-7.5.0 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)
pc-q35-rhel7.4.0 RHEL-7.4.0 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)
pc-q35-rhel7.3.0 RHEL-7.3.0 PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)
none empty machine高版本的kvm虚拟机向低版本的虚拟机进行迁移
使用对应命令在宿主机kvm-test42 创建名为test-ev的虚拟机
virt-install \
--name=test-ev \
--memory=512 \
--vcpus=1 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel7 \
--location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso \
--disk path=/data/test-ev.qcow2 \
--bridge=virbr0 \
--graphics=none \
--console=pty,target_type=serial \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 test-ev running
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh shutdown test-ev
Domain test is being shutdown
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- test-ev shut off查看虚拟机文件路径
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh domblklist test-ev
Target Source
------------------------------------------------
vda /data/test-ev.qcow2
hda -虚拟机配置文件导出
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# virsh dumpxml test-ev>/tmp/test-ev.xml将宿主机kvm-test42上的虚拟机test-ev迁移到kvm-test41宿主机下
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# scp /tmp/test-ev.xml root@192.168.232.41:/data/
[root@kvm-test42 tmp]# scp /data/test-ev.qcow2 root@192.168.232.41:/data/启动迁移到kvm-test41宿主机上的虚拟机
##注册虚拟机
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh define /data/test-ev.xml
Domain test-ev defined from /data/test-ev.xml
##直接启动虚拟机会出现，machine 类型不支持
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh start test-ev
error: Failed to start domain test-ev
error: internal error: process exited while connecting to monitor: qemu-kvm: -machine pc-i440fx-rhel7.6.0,accel=kvm,usb=off,dump-guest-core=off: Unsupported machine type
Use -machine help to list supported machines!通过修改virsh edit test-ev
将
修改为：
再次启动虚拟机，虚拟机就可以正常启动
[root@kvm-test41 qemu]# virsh start test-ev
Domain test-ev started测试迁移后的虚拟机是否可以正常调整配置
将原有1c512mb 修改为2c 1g
#关闭虚拟机
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh shutdown test-ev
Domain test-ev is being shutdown
#查看test-ev 配置信息
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh dominfo test-ev
Id: -
Name: test-ev
UUID: b869836a-9b5e-45b9-9679-82847533293e
OS Type: hvm
State: shut off
CPU(s): 1
Max memory: 524288 KiB
Used memory: 524288 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: selinux
Security DOI: 0
#将配置改成2c1G
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh edit test-ev
修改内容如下
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
#查看改配后test-ev 配置信息
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh dominfo test-ev
Id: -
Name: test-ev
UUID: b869836a-9b5e-45b9-9679-82847533293e
OS Type: hvm
State: shut off
CPU(s): 2
Max memory: 1048576 KiB
Used memory: 1048576 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: selinux
Security DOI: 0
启动虚拟机
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh start test-ev
Domain test-ev started
进去虚拟机
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh console test-ev
Connected to domain test-ev
Escape character is ^]
#使用top 可以看目前已经是2C1G 的配置
top - 18:59:03 up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 99 total, 1 running, 98 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.3 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
%Cpu1 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1014628 total, 775132 free, 140416 used, 99080 buff/cache检查迁移后虚拟机test-ev 是否可以正常扩容空间
增加test-ev.qcow2 10G 空间
[root@kvm-test41 data]# qemu-img resize /data/test-ev.qcow2 +10G
Image resized.
#进行lvm扩容
[root@kvm-test41 data]# virsh console test-ev
Connected to domain test-ev
Escape character is ^]
#在test-ev 虚拟机做lvm 扩容
[root@test-ev ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496M 6.7M 489M 2% /run
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 1.3G 6.8G 16% /
/dev/vda1 1014M 137M 878M 14% /boot
tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
[root@test-ev ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20971520-41943039, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
#通知操作系统分区表的更改，重启系统也可以刷新分区表
[root@test-ev ~]# partprobe /dev/vda
新加的分区/dev/vda3 创建为物理卷
[root@test-ev ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3
Physical volume "/dev/vda3" successfully created.
#物理卷 /dev/vda3 扩展至 centos卷组
[root@test-ev ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
#将全部空间扩展至/dev/mapper/centos-root
[root@test-ev ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <8.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
#可以看到这个10GB 空间已经扩容到系统盘了
[root@test-ev ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─vda2 252:2 0 9G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 18G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─vda3 252:3 0 10G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 18G 0 lvm /
该虚拟机可以正常扩容这里需要注意不管高版本迁移低版本，还是低版本迁移高版本，都需要注意 machine 支持的版本以及类型。
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